Miners, Validators and Yuma Consensus
How Bittensor subnets turn work into rewards: miners produce, validators score, and Yuma Consensus aggregates validator weights into emissions.
Miners
Miners are the producers. In a subnet they perform the task the owner defines, such as answering inference requests or submitting trained models, and compete on quality.
Validators
Validators evaluate the miners’ output according to the subnet’s rules and submit their scores, called weights, to the chain. Validators stake TAO, and stakers can delegate to them. Validators who score in line with the rest of the network earn more.
Yuma Consensus
Yuma Consensus is the algorithm that combines all validators’ weights into one result. It weighs votes by stake and reduces the effect of outlier validators, which makes it harder for a single validator to inflate a favored miner. The result determines how each epoch’s emissions are split.
Where emissions go
By default a subnet’s emissions are divided between miners, validators together with their stakers, and the subnet owner, with miners and validators receiving the largest shares. Recent protocol changes give subnets some control over this split within limits; follow Network Upgrades for the current rules.
FAQ
- What do Bittensor miners do?
- They perform the subnet’s task, for example inference or model training, and are rewarded according to validators’ scores.
- What do validators do?
- They score miners’ work and set weights on-chain. Their stake and agreement with other validators influence their own rewards.
- What is Yuma Consensus?
- The stake-weighted consensus algorithm that aggregates validators’ weights and limits outliers, then determines emission distribution.